The following is something I received thru email at work from a fellow member of our Company's Camera Club. Just thought of sharing this to my fellow photography enthusiasts!
Much like an incident recommendation, the sunny f/16 rule is based on the quantity of light falling on the scene and or subject, negating background tonal influence, and subject size relative to the image frame. It is because on a clear cloudless day the sunlight will peek consistently in intensity depending on latitude from mid morning to mid afternoon that we are able to use this rule consistently and accurately to set the midtone. The formula is an easy one 1/ISO @ f/16 and it was included with every box of film sold. Most never paid attention to it, choosing instead to discard it, going with their expensive in-camera meter.
Example -
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ISO 100 = 1/100 @ f/16
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ISO 200 = 1/200 @ f/16
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When shooting with the sun over your shoulders shoot at the suggested rule, backlight subjects generally require you open up two EV, with negative film or when exposing for shadow detail side lit subjects require you open up one stop is therefore often necessary to compensate the exposure when trying to render detail in areas at the end of the tonal scale.
When shooting a sidelight bird/subject in sunlight my exposure remains the same, sunny f/16 or equivalent plus or minus compensation for the highlight. Remember, when a subject is side-lit, a portion of the subject is in shadow, and this shadowed area will be rendered under-exposed when metered as suggested above, especially when minus compensation is applied. This is where fill flash comes in, and it is an integral part of this methods success. By choosing different amounts of flash compensation, we are able control the degree of shadow detail rendered independent of the ambient light. The key lies in illuminating the shadows without obliterating them. If you know how to effectively compress the image brightness range to that of the capture medium, you can capture detail in both highlight and shadow without sacrificing one or the other. And, you can shoot in light otherwise never considered. Light illuminates - shadow defines.
Exposure Value - all of the exposure combinations below are equivalent for a given quantity of light and ISO. It is up to you to determine which combination best suites the situation in hand.
ISO 200 is the most widely used in nature photography. Typically the best sunny f/16 equivalent compromise in shutter speed and aperture is 1/800 @ f/8. An easy to remember acronym is 88. Therefore, if you are shooting ISO 200 in unfiltered sunlight you need only remember 88 - 1/800 @ f/8 as your reference point.
ISO 200 Sunny f/16
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1/100
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1/200
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1/400
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1/800
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1/1600
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1/3200
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f/22
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f/16
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f/11
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f/8
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f/5.6
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f/4
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ISO 100 Sunny f/16
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1/50
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1/100
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1/200
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1/400
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1/800
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1/1600
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f/22
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f/16
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f/11
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f/8
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f/5.6
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f/4
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ISO 400 Sunny f/16
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1/200
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1/400
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1/800
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1/1600
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1/3200
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1/6400
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f/22
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f/16
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f/11
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f/8
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f/5.6
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f/4
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